Changes in Population Indices of a Diminishing Burbot Population in the Kootenai River, Idaho, USA and British Columbia, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT We quantified changes that occurred in proportional stock density (PSD), relative stock density (RSD), relative weight (Wr ), and catch per unit effort (CPUE) of a diminishing burbot (Lota lota) population in the Kootenai River, Idaho, USA and British Columbia, Canada. Sampling with hoop nets took place periodically over 46 years. After completion of the Libby Dam in Montana in 1973, the burbot population declined. The mean length of burbot increased from 459 mm total length (TL) in 1957–1958 to 615 mm TL in 2002–2004. PSD did not increase appreciably, rising only from 92 in 1957–1958 to 98 by 2002–2004; but, RSD (preferred) increased from 17 in the early samples to 86 by the last sampling interval, which suggested recruitment failures. All other RSD values increased although not incrementally, which also suggested recruitment failures. As the burbot population declined, Wr increased from 75 to 98 from the early 1980s to early 2000s, suggesting that Wr may have a length bias in burbot. We found RSD was more useful when combined with CPUE, which also decreased from 1993 through 2004. Together these indices provide good indication of burbot population change. Hoop nets are the most important sampling gear for burbot but are length selective; thus, PSD (quality) alone will not detect recruitment issues. Managers and researchers of other burbot populations should design sampling programs that consider the value in measuring RSD and CPUE when hoop nets are used.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".