Progress toward a raster multibeam lithography tool
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A prototype raster multibeam optics is evaluated for 45 nm mask pilot lithography. A laser beam is split into 32 beamlets, which are modulated acousto-optically then focused onto a photocathode. This generates 32 electron beams which are scanned and focused on a writing surface. Photocathode photoyield and lifetime exceed 200 nA/mW and 100 h per spot, respectively. Photoyield recovers to within 1% after 1 min fully extinguished. The size of the laser spot is 300 nm, full width half maximum (FWHM) and the size of the corresponding electron beam spots is 50 nm (FWHM) at the writing plane. In the first demonstration of multiple electron beam lithography, 200 nm line/space arrays and 100 nm isolated lines were printed with an interim four-beam datapath. Preliminary experiments and a theoretical evaluation indicate that resist outgassing does not significantly reduce photocathode performance. An improved electron-optical column has also been designed, with a 35 nm pixel pitch, and a placement accuracy of <0.8 nm over a 120 μm field of view at the cathode and the scan field of 410×10 μm at the writing plane.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".