Water and nutrients recovering from livestock manure by membrane processes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) in a biogas plant is a well proven process in which livestock effluents break down naturally in the absence of oxygen to produce two valuable products: biogas and digestate. Three successive steps of membrane separation (UF, NF, RO) were carried out on digestate liquid fractions in order to recover molecules of interest and fresh water. Results demonstrate the capacity of a 300 kD filtration cut‐off to clarify and disinfect anaerobic digestion liquid phase, no suspended solids were detected in the permeate while more than 80 % of organic matters were removed. This clarification step allowed the use of downstream desalinating steps (NF, RO and NF/RO) which contribute to the achievement of fresh water production and ionic compounds of interest (phosphates, ammonium, potassium, magnesium…) concentration. NF and RO step allowed a total discoloration of treated water with a high removal of dissolved organic matter DOM (more than 90 %). The ion retention depends on the considered ion and the origin and composition of UF digestate. Nevertheless, a direct use of High Pressure Reverse Osmosis HPRO downstream UF step allowed an important retention of ions whatever the origin of digestate. The addition of RO downstream the NF step (NF/RO), increased the total salt rejection opening the door to a water reuse on site. The fresh water quality and the RO flux were higher for UF/NF/RO than UF/RO proving the interest for such a UF/NF/RO coupling.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".