Oomycete and chytrid infections of the marine diatom <i>Pseudo-nitzschia pungens</i> (Bacillariophyceae) from Prince Edward Island, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two eukaryotic parasites were found infecting the bloom-forming marine diatom Pseudo-nitzschia pungens (Grunow ex Cleve) Hasle in Prince Edward Island, Canada. The most common was an oomycete; the other, seen once, was a chytrid. The structure of the discharged sporangium of both is remarkably similar. The oomycete parasite caused the host cell to lay down several extra girdle bands as the parasite thallus grew and swelled to form a holocarpic, endobiotic, nonwalled multinucleate thallus within the host cytoplasm. At maturity the thallus formed a single discharge tube with a thickened base and a thin papillate apex. Many biflagaellate zoospores were formed that burst out from the discharge tube. Ultrastructural characteristics of the oomycete thallus include mitochondria with tubular cristae and vesicles with dense body inclusions, features common to the oomycetes. The morphological characteristics and biflagellate condition indicate a placement of this form in the genus Ectrogella . However, neither flagellar mastigonemes nor flagella flimmer vesicles were found. The absence of flimmers may indicate a closer phylogenetic relationship to Haptoglossa , an endoparasitic oomycete of nematodes, the zoospores of which lack flagellar mastigonemes. Cell infection frequencies ranged from 0.6%–15.9% during 1992–1995, at the four sampling sites.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".