Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumors of the Kidney: A Clinicopathologic and Immunohistochemical Study of 12 Cases
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is a rare entity composed of spindle cells admixed with variable amounts of extracellular collagen, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. In the genitourinary tract, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor most commonly occurs in the bladder. Isolated case studies of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the kidney, renal pelvis, and ureter have been previously reported. Our series includes 12 cases of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor occurring in the renal pelvis (six cases), renal parenchyma (four cases), and immediate perirenal soft tissue (two cases). Clinical presentation included flank pain (two patients), painless gross hematuria (one patient), and ureteropelvic junction stenosis with hydronephrosis (one patient). The remaining eight patients were asymptomatic. All patients underwent nephrectomy. The tumors were characterized by firm white tissue or had a myxoid "gelatinous" appearance. Three histologic patterns were identified in the tumors, including a myxoid vascular pattern, a compact spindle cell pattern, and a hypocellular fibrous pattern. Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies supported a myofibroblastic proliferation. All cases were negative for anaplastic lymphoma kinase. Follow-up was available in eight cases and ranged from 1 to 17 years with no evidence of recurrence. Based on this series, renal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is a proliferative lesion of myofibroblasts of uncertain pathogenesis with no identified potential for recurrence or metastases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".