Electron doping evolution of the anisotropic spin excitations in BaFe<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math>Ni<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:math>As<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We use inelastic neutron scattering to systematically investigate the Ni-doping evolution of the low-energy spin excitations in BaFe${}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}$Ni${}_{x}$As${}_{2}$ spanning from underdoped antiferromagnet to overdoped superconductor ($0.03\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}0.18$). In the undoped state, BaFe${}_{2}$As${}_{2}$ changes from paramagnetic tetragonal phase to orthorhombic antiferromagnetic (AF) phase below about 138 K, where the low-energy ($\ensuremath{\le}\ensuremath{\sim}80$ meV) spin waves form transversely elongated ellipses in the $[H,K]$ plane of the reciprocal space. Upon Ni doping to suppress the static AF order and induce superconductivity, the $c$-axis magnetic exchange coupling is rapidly suppressed and the momentum distribution of spin excitations in the $[H,K]$ plane is enlarged in both the transverse and longitudinal directions with respect to the in-plane AF ordering wave vector of the parent compound. As a function of increasing Ni-doping $x$, the spin excitation widths increase linearly but with a larger rate along the transverse direction. These results are in general agreement with calculations of dynamic susceptibility based on the random phase approximation (RPA) in an itinerant electron picture. For samples near optimal superconductivity at $x\ensuremath{\approx}0.1$, a neutron spin resonance appears in the superconducting state. Upon further increasing the electron doping to decrease the superconducting transition temperature ${T}_{c}$, the intensity of the low-energy magnetic scattering decreases and vanishes concurrently with vanishing superconductivity in the overdoped side of the superconducting dome. Comparing with the low-energy spin excitations centered at commensurate AF positions for underdoped and optimally doped materials ($x\ensuremath{\le}0.1$), spin excitations in the overdoped side ($x=0.15$) form transversely incommensurate spin excitations, consistent with the RPA calculation. Therefore, the itinerant electron approach provides a reasonable description to the low-energy AF spin excitations in BaFe${}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}$Ni${}_{x}$As${}_{2}$.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".