Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Nearly all of Husky's SAGD projects in the Lloydminster, Saskatchewan area are in reservoirs with bottom water. While operating several projects in this region, Husky observed that in some reservoir settings the outer SAGD pair had significantly decreased performance compared to inner SAGD pairs. When the outer pair was shut in to improve overall pilot performance, the performance of now exposed adjacent pair rapidly decreased. It was hypothesized that operating the edge pairs protected inner pairs from the detrimental effects of the bottom water. Numerical simulation runs have confirmed this behavior. The conclusions reached are that in many bottom water settings poorer performing edge SAGD pairs protect and preserve the performance of inner SAGD pairs; and this should be taken into consideration during facilities design, operational strategy design, and production forecasting. Introduction Use of SAGD is now being expanded to reservoirs with non-ideal conditions, including those in which active bottom water is present. This expanded application entails climbing a earning curve using both numerical simulation and field trials to improve performance. In the Lloydminster, Saskatchewan area, an additional factor is the presence of mobile oil, which has less ability to contain the movement of both injected steam and bottom water. As a result, bottom water influx may be more difficult to control than it is where more viscous oil is present. A manifestation of the greater difficulty to control bottom water when mobile oil is present is poorer performance of the outer SAGD pairs that are exposed to both bottom water and edge water influx. Field Data The field data used are from Husky's Pikes Peak and Pikes Peak South projects. Pikes Peak South As shown in Figure 1, when the outer SAGD pair was shut in, the performance of the next SAGD pair immediately dropped. Also shown in Figure 1 is the rapid recovery of performance of the inner SAGD pair when the outer SAGD pair was returned to injection and production. Numerical Simulation Basic Properties Numerical simulation for a simplified generic study of the behavior of outer and inner SAGD pairs in the presence of bottom water was initiated using CMG STARS software. As shown in Figure 2, the model contains an outer pair and an inner pair over bottom water with recharge. The numerical model was used to determine the optimum operating strategy for the outer pair. Conclusions Although field data are limited, the data that are available show the performance of outer SAGD pairs over bottom water in Lloydminster, Saskatchewan area channel sand reservoirs with mobile oil exhibit generally poorer performance than interior well pairs. If the underperforming outer SAGD pair is shut in, the ‘new’ outer SAGD pair will under perform. Runs using a simplistic numerical model of two SAGD pairs also illustrate the ability of an outer SAGD pair to protect an inner SAGD pair from the performance reducing effects of bottom water.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".