A mesoscopic approach for predicting sheet metal formability
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A mesoscopic approach for constructing a forming limit diagram (FLD) is developed. The approach is based on the concept of a unit cell. The unit cell is macroscopically infinitely small and thus represents a material point in the sheet, and is microscopically finitely large and thus contains a sufficiently large number of grains. The responses of the unit cell under biaxial tension are calculated using the finite element method. Each element of a mesh/unit cell represents an orientation and the constitutive response at an integration point is described by the single crystal plasticity theory. It is demonstrated that the limit strains are the natural outcomes of the mesoscopic approach, and the artificial initial imperfection necessitated by the macroscopic M–K approach is not relevant in the mesoscopic approach. The effects of strain-rate sensitivity, single slip hardening and latent hardening, texture evolution, crystal elasticity and spatial orientation distribution on necking are discussed. Numerical results based on the mesoscopic approach are compared with experimental data.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".