Advancements in Techniques for Calibration and Characterization of In Situ Optical Particle Measuring Probes, and Applications to the FSSP-100 Probe
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Advancements in techniques for the operational calibration and characterization of instrument performance of the Particle Measuring Systems, Inc. (PMS), forward scattering spectrometer probe (FSSP) and optical array probes (OAPs) are presented, which also can be used for most in situ particle-measuring optical probes on the market. These techniques include the determination of a distortion matrix to correct for instrumental broadening of the measured particle size distribution. A new version of a monodisperse droplet generator is introduced for absolute calibration in the size range between 10 and 100 μm. In addition, a high-speed technique was employed for the determination of airspeed influence on the sample volume and the sizing of particles. The calibration of a PMS FSSP with real water droplets may be significantly different from the usual calibration with glass beads. High-speed measurements simulate particles at speeds of up to about 250 m s−1. Particle undersizing and the decrease of the sample volume with increasing airspeed are described. The use of the modular tools, built for this work, is discussed for probe alignment, functionality checks, and general characterization and diagnostics both in laboratory and field environments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".