Intranasal immunization using biphasic lipid vesicles as delivery systems for OmlA bacterial protein antigen and CpG oligonucleotides adjuvant in a mouse model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The nasal mucosa is an important arm of the mucosal system since it is often the first point of contact for inhaled antigens. The ineffectiveness of the simple delivery of soluble antigens to mucosal membranes for immunization has stimulated extensive studies in appropriate delivery systems and adjuvants. We have evaluated biphasic lipid vesicles as a novel intranasal (i.n.) delivery system (designated as vaccine targeting adjuvant, VTA) containing bacterial antigens and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs). Results show that administration of antigen and CpG ODNs in biphasic lipid vesicles resulted in greater induction of IgA levels in serum (P< 0.05) and mucosal antibody responses such as IgA in nasal secretions and lung (P< 0.01) after immunization with a combined subcutaneous (s.c.)/i.n. as compared to s.c./s.c. approach. Based on antibody responses, VTA formulations were found to be suitable as delivery systems for antigens and CpG ODNs by the intranasal route, resulting in a Th2-type of immune response, characterized by IgG1 and IL-4 production at the systemic level.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".