Effect of dietary lutein and flax on performance, egg composition and liver status of laying hens
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lutein is considered a protective nutrient against age-related macular degeneration in humans. An experiment was designed to study the long-term effect of feeding lutein in combination with flaxseed on layer performance, egg parameters, and lutein deposition in eggs and tissues. Laying hens were fed diets with 0 or 10% flax supplemented with 0, 125 or 250 ppm lutein for 11 consecutive 28-d periods beginning at 18 wk of age. Early production was reduced (P < 0.01) by feeding diets with 10% flax and when supplemented with 250 ppm lutein. Diet treatments had no effect on feed intake, egg weight or eggshell deformation. Addition of lutein to the diets significantly (P < 0.01) increased yolk color, and lutein content in the egg, liver, and the preen gland. Egg lutein content increased (P < 0.01) from a basal level of 0.10 mg to 1.60 mg 60g-1 egg by addition of lutein to the diet. Liver fat was lower (P < 0.05) in hens fed 10% flaxseed. Liver hemorrhage score was dramatically reduced (P < 0.01) in birds fed lutein. Key words: egg composition, flaxseed, lutein, layers
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".