Alteration ofAKAP220, an upstream component of the Rb pathway, in oral carcinogenesis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Few genes have been implicated in the development of oral cancer. In our study, we identified a novel gene in the Rb pathway that is frequently altered and overexpressed in oral tumors. Significantly, the alteration is also associated with early oral premalignant lesions (OPLs). This region was identified through a genomewide scan using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) PCR of 40 microdissected oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Recurrent gain of a approximately 400 bp signal was observed in multiple patients. This gain was localized to 13q14.11, a region frequently altered in multiple cancer types. Through microsatellite analysis, a 1.9 Mbp minimal region of alteration (MRA) was defined between D13S263 and D13S1227. Allelic imbalance (AI) in the MRA was present in only 28% of low-grade dysplasia, but strikingly increased with progression to 64% in high-grade dysplasia, plateauing at 61% in tumors, thus implicating this alteration in the early stages of disease development. Of the 3 genes residing within the MRA, Receptor Activator of NK-kappa-B Ligand (RANKL) and Diacylglycerol Kinase (DGKH) showed no change in expression levels in tumors compared to normal tissue. In contrast, 12 of 16 tumors showed significant overexpression of A-Kinase Anchoring Protein 220 (AKAP220). Since AKAP220 plays a role in regulating the Rb pathway, its dysregulation may contribute significantly to alterations in cell cycle regulation that facilitate progression of OPLs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".