Biosorption Studies of Methylene Blue by Mediterranean Algae Carolina and Its Chemically Modified Forms. Linear and Nonlinear Models' Prediction Based on Statistical Error Calculation
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Biosorption experiments were carried out for the removal of the cationic dye Methylene Blue from its aqueous solution by the brown algae Carolina which is widely distributed in the Mediterranean Sea at Lebanese coast. Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson, Temkin, Elovich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models were also investigated. The results showed that the experimental adsorption data were well represented by the Langmuir model for the linear regression analysis and both Langmuir and Redlich-Peterson isotherm models for the non-linear regression analysis. The maximum adsorption capacity qmax based on Langmuir is 55 mg/g at 19 oc. This confirms the monolayer coverage of Methylene Blue dye onto energetically homogenous Carolina surface. Negative values of Gibbs free energy revealed that adsorption process is spontaneous.Carolina algae was chemically modified by treatment with NaOH, CaCl2 or formaldehyde. The biosorption of Methylene Blue was enhanced with the process of cross linking using formaldehyde with qmax of 64 mg/g. The results of isothermal study using modified algae also showed that the experimental adsorption data is well fitted into Langmuir model.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it