Cholic acid modified 2 kDa polyethylenimine as efficient transfection agent
Bibliographic record
Abstract
New lipopolymers were synthesized by conjugating cholic acid (ChA) to polyethylenimines (PEI; 2 and 25 kDa) and a polyallylamine (PAA; 15 kDa) via N-acylation to develop effective gene delivery systems. The extent of ChA substitution linearly varied with the feed ratio during synthesis, indicating good control over grafting ratio. While ChA did not affect binding to plasmid DNA (pDNA) for higher molecular weight (MW) polymers, ChA substitution to 2 kDa PEI significantly affected the pDNA binding. Toxicity of the 2 kDa PEI was unaffected by ChA substitution, but it was improved for the higher MW polymers. Using immortal 293T cells and primary cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells, low MW (2 kDa) PEI was shown to display much better transfection efficiency as a result of ChA substitution, unlike the higher MW polymers. We conclude that ChA could be a suitable substituent for non-toxic (low MW) PEIs in order to improve their transfection efficiency.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".