Neural gastrointestinal electrical stimulation enhances colonic motility in a chronic canine model of delayed colonic transit
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Neural gastrointestinal electrical stimulation (NGES) induces sequential contractions and enhances emptying in acute canine gastric and colonic models. This study was set to determine (i) the effect of NGES in a chronic canine model of delayed colonic transit and (ii) possible mechanism of action. Four pairs of electrodes were implanted in the distal colon of nine mongrel dogs. Delayed colonic transit was induced by diphenoxylate/atropine and alosetron. Transit was fluoroscopically determined by the rate of evacuation of radiopaque markers, and was tested twice in each dog, in random order, on and off stimulation. Two stimulation sequences, separated by 1 min, were delivered twice a day via exteriorized electrodes. Colonic manometry during stimulation was performed before and after intravenous (i.v.) injection of 1 mg of atropine. Complete evacuation of all markers was significantly shortened by NGES, from 4 days to 2 days, interquartile range 3-4 days vs 2-3 days, respectively, P = 0.016. NGES induced strong sequential contractions that were significantly diminished by atropine: 190.0 +/- 14.0 mmHg vs 48.7 +/- 19.4 mmHg, respectively (P < 0.001). NGES induces strong sequential colonic contractions and significantly accelerates movement of content in a canine model of delayed colonic transit. The effect is atropine sensitive.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".