An In Situ X-Ray Diffraction Study of the Reaction of Li with Crystalline Si
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The electrochemical reaction of lithium with a crystalline Si composite electrode at room temperature was investigated using in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The study confirmed that crystalline Si becomes amorphous during the first lithiation. The range of the coexistence region between crystalline Si and amorphous lithiated Si is . The highly lithiated amorphous phase was found to crystallize into rapidly at about (vs ) and this phase exists over a relatively narrow range of capacity. During delithiation, the phase coexists with amorphous with . Once all the phase disappears, the amorphous phase persists as the remaining Li is extracted. The formation of the phase can be avoided if the potential of the Si electrode is controlled above during cycling. Based on the electrochemical and XRD data, a "phase diagram" was constructed to show the phase changes and regions of phase stability that occur during the lithiation and delithiation of the Si electrode.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".