Neuropeptide Y Stimulates Growth Hormone and Gonadotropin Release from the Goldfish Pituitary in vitro
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effects of neuropeptide Y (NPY) on release of growth hormone (GH) and gonadotropin (GTH) from the goldfish pituitary in vitro were investigated. Exposure of perifused pituitary fragments, taken from female goldfish at late stages of gonadal recrudescence, to 5-min pulses of human NPY resulted in a rapid dose-dependent stimulation of GH and GTH release, with half-maximal effective dosages of 0.51 +/- 0.24 and 2.37 +/- 1.05 nM for GH and GTH, respectively. Repeated treatments with pulses of NPY (10 nM for GH, 5 nM for GTH) at 55-min intervals did not significantly alter the responsiveness of pituitary fragments to NPY; however, prior exposure of pituitary fragments to pulses of higher doses of NPY (50 nM GH, 10 nM for GTH) significantly reduced the subsequent hormone responses. When given at 85-min intervals repeated treatment with NPY did not blunt hormone responses to the second and third stimulations at these higher dosages. These results indicate that NPY acts at the pituitary level to stimulate GH and GTH secretion in female goldfish. The GTH response and, to a lesser extent, the GH response become desensitized to further stimulation by NPY in dose- and time-dependent manners. NPY should be considered as one element in the multifactorial systems regulating the GH and GTH secretion in goldfish.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".