Optical properties of copper and silver in the energy range 2.5–9.0 eV
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The optical properties of copper and silver bulk crystals with atomically clean surfaces have been determined experimentally and interpreted in terms of ab initio band structure calculations. The dielectric functions are evaluated from spectroscopic ellipsometry data taken in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) in the spectral range of 2.5--9.0 eV (at room temperature). The data are corrected for surface roughness using results from ex situ atomic force microscopy (AFM). Significant differences of detail in the amplitudes and line shape are attributed to the better surface quality of our samples. Density functional calculations of the dielectric functions of copper and silver are carried out, based on models of the valence bands deduced by fitting to experimental Fermi surface and quasiparticle mass data. Small energy shifts, which take into account many-body effects in the final states of the optical transitions in an extended scissors approximation, are needed to bring the calculated dielectric functions into good agreement with the experimental data. The interband transitions associated with individual features in the dielectric function are identified by comparing the energy derivatives of the measured and calculated dielectric functions.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".