Emplacement of crystal-rich magmas: insights from the Snap Lake kimberlite intrusion (NW Territories, Canada)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Cambrian Snap Lake kimberlite intrusion (Northwest Territories, Canada) is a complex segmented diamondbearing ore-body. Detailed geological investigations suggest that the intrusion is a multi-phase body with at least four different magmatic lithofacies. In particular, olivine-rich (phlogopite-poor) and olivine-poor (phlogopite-rich) varieties of hypabyssal kimberlite have been identified. Key observations are that olivine-rich lithofacies (ORK) has a strong tendency to be located where the intrusion is thickest and that there is a good correlation between intrusion thickness, olivine crystal size and crystal content. Accordingly the olivine-poor lithofacies (OPK) tends to be most abundant where the intrusion is thinnest. Complimentary studies demonstrate that the lithofacies are geochemically distinct, and are characterised by different diamond abundances and size distributions. Our data and observations suggest that the ORK and OPK represent different magma phases that have experienced different processes during transport and emplacement. Heterogeneities in the kimberlite lithofacies are attributed to variations in intrusion thickness and structural complexities. Auto-xenoliths of ORK within the OPK suggest that the magmas are closely related in time and have clearly exploited the same fracture system during intrusion, resulting in various degrees of intermingling. The geometry and distribution of lithofacies points to magmatic cointrusion, and flow differentiation driven by fundamental rheological differences between the ORK and OPK phases. The presence of such low viscosity, crystal-poor magmas may explain how extremely crystal-rich kimberlite magmas (> 60 vol.%) are able to reach the surface and erupt in kimberlite diatremes. We envisage that the low viscosity OPK magma acted as a lubricant for the highly viscous ORK magma; such rheological segregation is a common feature in other magmatic systems. The Snap Lake intrusion provides important insights into the architecture and dynamics of magmatic plumbing systems at high crustal levels, particularly in settings where sheet intrusions feed into point-source diatreme‐vent systems. The study also has implications for predicting diamond distributions at other kimberlite intrusions where different magmatic lithofacies can be identified.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".