Effects of Rearing Environment and Strain Combination on Heterosis in Brook Trout
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Three strains of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis (domestic [D], Laval [L], and Rupert [R]) and their reciprocal hybrids were reared from 7 to 21 months of age in three different environments (indoor, constant temperature conditions; indoor, seasonal temperature variations; and outdoor, seasonal temperature variations) to test for the occurrence of heterosis in important life history traits of interest for production (body mass, length, condition factor, the absence of early sexual maturation, and survival). For each cross, body mass, length, and mortality were measured at regular intervals and sexual maturity was assessed in age-1+ fish (21 months of age). We found evidence for heterosis in mass and length that varied according to strain, cross direction in reciprocal hybrids, developmental stage, or environment; no significant outbreeding depression was detected for these traits. Heterosis expression for weight varied from 4.9% to 23.8% depending on the hybrids and environments. We found that one out of five reciprocal hybrids tested (L[female]R[male]) expressed heterosis at each age stage throughout the experiment in the three environments while the other four had mixed results. No evidence for heterosis was observed for sexual maturity and survival. These results not only provide one of the first clear pieces of evidence for the occurrence of heterosis in salmonids but also illustrate the complex nature and the unpredictability of this phenomenon.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".