Biological Efficiency and Economic Benefits of Pea-Barley and Pea-Oat Intercrops
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT To optimize use efficiency of production resources, Newfoundland (NL) dairy farmers intercrop barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) with field pea [Pisum sativum subsp. sativum var. arvense (L.) Poir.]. An experiment was conducted in 2000 and 2001 in a temperate sandy loam to determine seeding rate complementarity of barley and oat in pea-barley and pea-oat intercrops for forage and nitrogen (N) yields. The monocultures of barley and oat were each sown at 85 and 170 kg ha−1, and pea was sown at 150 kg ha−1. For pea-barley and pea-oat intercrops, pea was sown at 150 kg ha−1 and each cereal component was sown at 85 and 170 kg ha−1. The nine treatments were referred to, respectively, as pea150, barley85, oat85, barley170, oat170, pea150-bar-ley85, pea150-oat85, pea150-barley170, and pea150-oat170. The land equivalent ratio (LER), defined as the relative land area under monoculture that is required to produce the yields achieved in intercropping, and its analogues were used to compare biological efficiency and economic benefits that pea-cereal intercrops had over monocultures. There were no significant effects of year and year H treatment interactions on forage and N yield. Barley170 gave the highest forage yield, N yield and net return. Oat85 gave the lowest forage and N yield, and pea150-oat85 gave the lowest net return. Mixing pea with barley or oat significantly reduced the yields of all three component crops relative to the monoculture crop. Reduction in both forage and N yields of pea due to intercropping ranged from 40% in pea150-oat85 to 48% in pea150-oat170. Doubling the seeding rate of barley from 85 to 170 kg ha−1 reduced land advantage in terms of both forage and nitrogen (N) yield, although among the intercrops, pea150-barley170 was the most profitable in forage and N yield, and net economic return. As a result, pea150-barley85 gave the highest land advantage in terms of forage yield and pea150-oat170 gave the highest land and monetary advantage in terms of forage yield and forage N yield.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".