Macrocyclic Cell Penetrating Peptides: A Study of Structure-Penetration Properties
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Arginine-rich cell penetrating peptides are short cationic peptides able to cross biological membranes despite their peptidic character. In order to optimize their penetration properties and further elucidate their mechanisms of cellular entry, these peptides have been intensively studied for the last two decades. Although several parameters are simultaneously involved in the internalization mechanism, recent studies suggest that structural modifications influence cellular internalization. Particularly, backbone rigidification, including macrocyclization, was found to enhance proteolytic stability and cellular uptake. In the present work, we describe the synthesis of macrocyclic arginine-rich cell penetrating peptides and study their cellular uptake properties using a combination of flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. By varying ring size, site of cyclization, and stereochemistry of the arginine residues, we studied their structure-uptake relationship and showed that the mode and site of cyclization as well as the stereochemistry influence cellular uptake. This study led to the identification of a hepta-arginine macrocycle as efficient as its linear nona-arginine congener to enter cells.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it