Identification of Pinnatoxins and Discovery of Their Fatty Acid Ester Metabolites in Mussels (Mytilus edulis) from Eastern Canada
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pinnatoxins are a group of fast-acting cyclic imine toxins previously identified in shellfish from Asia, the southern Pacific, and northern Europe. In this work pinnatoxins were detected in mussels from locations across the eastern coast of Canada. Pinnatoxin G (6) was the major structural variant present, sometimes at levels >80 μg/kg, whereas much lower levels of pinnatoxin A (1) were detected in some samples. Increased concentrations were observed following base hydrolysis of extracts, leading to the discovery by LC-MS of a range of fatty acid esters of 6. Information on the structures of these acylated derivatives was provided through a series of mass spectrometric experiments, supported by partial synthesis, and it is proposed that the compounds are 28-O-acyl esters of 6. Although acyl esters of a range of other phycotoxins are known to form as metabolites in shellfish, this is the first report of their existence for this particular toxin class. The occurrence of pinnatoxins in North American shellfish further highlights the international distribution of these toxins.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it