Low-temperature copper-induced lateral growth of polycrystalline germanium assisted by external compressive stress
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Copper-induced lateral growth of polycrystalline germanium (poly-Ge) at temperatures as low as 150°C was enabled by the application of an external mechanical stress during the annealing step of sample processing. An equivalent compressive strain of 0.05% was externally applied at 150°C for 10h to a deposited amorphous Ge layer and crystalline growth rates of 2.5 and 1.8μm∕h were observed in directions parallel and perpendicular to the stress axis, respectively. These results were confirmed by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. In addition, TEM and x-ray diffraction analyses indicate that a fraction of poly-Ge annealed in the presence of applied compressive stress possessed a tetragonal structure with space-group P43212. The presence of the tetragonal phase is hypothesized to be the primary mechanism responsible for the lateral growth of poly-Ge.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".