Low-temperature copper-induced lateral growth of polycrystalline germanium assisted by external compressive stress
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Copper-induced lateral growth of polycrystalline germanium (poly-Ge) at temperatures as low as 150°C was enabled by the application of an external mechanical stress during the annealing step of sample processing. An equivalent compressive strain of 0.05% was externally applied at 150°C for 10h to a deposited amorphous Ge layer and crystalline growth rates of 2.5 and 1.8μm∕h were observed in directions parallel and perpendicular to the stress axis, respectively. These results were confirmed by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. In addition, TEM and x-ray diffraction analyses indicate that a fraction of poly-Ge annealed in the presence of applied compressive stress possessed a tetragonal structure with space-group P43212. The presence of the tetragonal phase is hypothesized to be the primary mechanism responsible for the lateral growth of poly-Ge.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".