Distribution and Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Asians, Hispanics and African Americans: A Systematic Review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Although inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been reported worldwide, most studies have focused on Caucasian populations. Our aim was to summarize the existing epidemiological literature, identify temporal trends, and highlight areas for future research. METHODS: We carried out a systematic review following standard guidelines to evaluate the incidence, prevalence, temporal trends, disease characteristics, and extra-intestinal manifestations (EIMs) of IBD in African American, Hispanic, and Asian adult patients. Two investigators independently identified eligible studies through 2008 using structured keyword searches in PubMed, applied several inclusion and exclusion criteria, and abstracted the data. RESULTS: Twenty-eight publications were included, encompassing 1,272 Hispanic, 547 African American, and 35,844 Asian patients with IBD. Greater proportions of Hispanic (36.7-84.3%) and Asian (30.6-74.7%) patients were diagnosed with ulcerative colitis (UC) than with Crohn's disease (CD) compared with African Americans (27.6-40.6%). The prevalence rates of IBD in Hispanics in Puerto Rico varied between 5 (rural) and 62 (urban) per 100,000. Crude prevalence rates in Asia varied between 6 (Singapore) and 136 (South Asians in UK) per 100,000 for UC, and between 3 (Singapore) and 33 (South Asians in UK) per 100,000 for CD. Three studies reported a rising annual incidence rate among Hispanics (from 2.6 to 7.5 per 100,000) and Asians (from 0.22 to 3.62 per 100,000). Fistulizing CD was reported in nearly one-third of Hispanic patients, up to one-quarter of African-American patients, and up to one-half of Asian patients. Ileocolonic disease was the most common site of CD among the three racial/ethnic groups, with skin and joint manifestations noted as the most common EIMs. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence and incidence rates in Hispanics and Asians have recently increased. There are many similarities and differences in disease location and behavior among racial/ethnic groups. There is a paucity of literature on all aspects of the disease in Hispanics, in the incidence and prevalence of IBD in African Americans, and in Asians with IBD outside Asia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".