Pectolytic isoenzymes by<i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>f. sp. cepae and antifungal compounds in onion cultivars as a response to pathogen infection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The ability of two Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae isolates, FOC6 and FOC8, to colonize onion seedlings, following seed inoculation of different cultivars, and the associated quantitative and qualitative polygalacturonase and pectin lyase production were analysed. Allium cepa ‘Akgün 12’ and ‘Rossa Savonese’ were shown to be resistant to both isolates. FOC6 and FOC8 differed in pectolytic enzyme production, isoenzyme patterns, and aggressiveness. The pectolytic enzyme production from FOC6 was generally lower than that of the more aggressive FOC8 isolate. Polygalacturonase activity was correlated with the disease development upon infection with FOC8. Germinating seeds of onion cultivars inoculated with both FOC6 and FOC8 were extracted and fractionated by thin-layer chromatography to determine their content of antifungal compounds. Extracts from resistant cultivars were characterized by the expression of peculiar antifungal fractions, which may be involved in resistance to the pathogen. Results from the present study suggest that, for each cultivar–isolate interaction, the disease severity during onion colonization by F. oxysporum f. sp. cepae is the result of concomitant factors including: (i) the ability of F. oxysporum f. sp. cepae to produce different amounts of pectolytic enzymes, (ii) the production of distinctive pectolytic isoenzyme patterns, and (iii) the expression of distinct antifungal compounds.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".