Infrequent increases in stimulus intensity may interrupt central executive functioning during Rapid Eye Movement sleep
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study examines the extent to which infrequent changes in the intensity of an auditory stimulus can interrupt the functioning of the central executive during natural sleep. In the waking, conscious state, highly relevant but unattended stimulus input may elicit a positive-going event-related potential, P3a, peaking at about 250 ms. P3a is presumed to reflect the interruption of the central executive controlling ongoing cognitive activities, resulting in potential awareness of stimulus input. In this study, both an increment and decrement in the intensity of a frequently occurring standard stimulus elicited a P3a during wakefulness. During Rapid Eye Movement sleep, only the increment continued to do so. Detection of an increase in the intensity of a standard stimulus is thought to be carried out by two separate systems, the transient detector system (responsible for the detection of transient energy) and the change detection system. By contrast, detection of a decrease in intensity is carried out only by the change detection system. This suggests that interruption of central executive functioning during Rapid Eye Movement is largely a consequence of sufficient output of the auditory transient detector rather than the change detector system. During stage 2, neither the decrement nor the increment was able to elicit a P3a. This is consistent with a deactivation of the central executive and a profound state of unconsciousness.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".