Hypertension, Executive Dysfunction, and Progression to Dementia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Midlife hypertension has long been established as a risk factor for dementia, but the role of late-life hypertension remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of hypertension in cognitive deterioration among older subjects with cognitive impairment, no dementia. DESIGN: The Canadian Study of Health and Aging was conducted in 3 waves (1991, 1995-1996, and 2001-2002). SETTING: Community-based cohort study. PATIENTS: We studied 990 subjects with a mean (SD) age of 83.06 (6.97) years having cognitive impairment, no dementia who were followed up for 5 years in the Canadian Study of Health and Aging. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Determination of cognitive dysfunction and association between hypertension and cognitive deterioration. RESULTS: No difference in the rate of progression to dementia based on the presence of hypertension was found between subjects with memory dysfunction alone or in combination with executive dysfunction. However, among subjects with executive dysfunction alone, 57.7% having hypertension progressed to dementia compared with 28.0% having normotension (P = .02). CONCLUSIONS: Hypertension predicts progression to dementia in older subjects with executive dysfunction but not memory dysfunction. Control of hypertension could prevent progression to dementia in one-third of the subjects with cognitive impairment, no dementia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".