Plasticity of vertical distribution of crustacean zooplankton in lakes with varying levels of water colour
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Zooplankton that are vulnerable to predation by planktivorous fish typically remain in deeper, darker water during the day. Vertical position may be affected by profiles of temperature and oxygen concentration, but light levels are thought to be critically important. Water transparency in temperate lakes is strongly dependent on the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Therefore, different patterns of zooplankton vertical position might be expected in lakes that vary in their level of DOC. The importance of three factors (light, temperature and oxygen) that might affect vertical position of major zooplankton groups was evaluated in 10 small lakes located in central Ontario. The lakes, encompassing a wide range of water colour, were sampled in May, June and August of 2000. Small cladocerans were found to be always higher in the water column than large cladocerans, while copepods were deeper. Small cladocerans had a weak response to the predictive factors, but copepods and large cladocerans were strongly affected. The vertical position of copepods was consistently dependent solely on Secchi depth. Surprisingly, for large cladocerans, temperature gradient was decisive in May and June, and only in August was water transparency the most important variable. Overall, water transparency, as determined by level of water colour, was the most important variable but, depending on taxonomic group and time of year, temperature and oxygen were also major determinants of vertical position.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".