Localization of Insulin-like Growth Factor-I in Lung Tissues of Patients with Fibroproliferative Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is elevated in human fibrotic lung diseases and in animal models of pulmonary fibrosis, implicating IGF-I in the pathogenesis of fibrotic lung disease. We questioned whether IGF-I protein levels were enhanced in fibroproliferative acute respiratory distress syndrome (FP-ARDS). Serial lung tissue sections from a biopsy database were immunohistochemically stained for IGF-I, IGF-I receptor, CD68, alpha-smooth muscle actin, collagens I and III, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Our results show enhanced staining of IGF-I and IGF-I receptor, collagens I and III, smooth muscle actin, CD68, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in FP-ARDS compared with control lung sections. In FP-ARDS specimens, prominent staining of IGF-I and IGF-I receptor was seen in alveolar and interstitial macrophages as well as in a variety of mesenchymal cells. There was a correlation between IGF-I staining and CD68-positive cells, suggesting macrophages as a potential source of the IGF-I protein present in lungs. IGF-I also correlated with enhanced collagen I, collagen III, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunoreactivity, suggesting that IGF-I may play a role in the extracellular matrix protein deposition and cellular proliferation seen in the lungs of individuals with FP-ARDS. Our results indicate that IGF-I is increased in FP-ARDS and may be an important mediator in the progression of acute lung injury to FP-ARDS.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".