4-AMINOPYRIDINE TOXICITY WITH UNINTENTIONAL OVERDOSE IN FOUR PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aminopyridine has been shown to improve spasticity and ambulatory speed in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), spinal cord injuries, and neuromuscular diseases.1–4 Four-aminopyridine (4-AP) selectively blocks fast, voltage-gated potassium channels in excitable tissues and increases the influx of calcium at nerve terminals, thereby enhancing neuromuscular transmission.1 It is this mechanism of action, however, that predispose to adverse events, specifically seizures.1,2,5 ### Case reports. In Ontario, Canada, from April 2007 to early May 2007, four patients with secondary progressive MS were admitted to hospital with status epilepticus. Three of the four provided consent for inclusion in this case series. Patients ranged in age from 46 to 54 years with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores of 6.0–6.5 and disease duration of 7–20 years. All had been prescribed 4-AP 10-mg tablets for ambulatory decline at doses between 10 mg BID to TID. All patients experienced unusual sensory and behavioral symptoms that rapidly transitioned into status epilepticus (recurrent seizures without full …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".