Vegetative compatibility among<i>Fusarium graminearum</i>(<i>Gibberella zeae</i>) isolates from barley spikes in southern Manitoba<sup>1</sup>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) were determined for 43 Fusarium graminearum Schwabe (Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch) isolates from barley using nitrate-nonutilizing mutants. Single isolates from 22 fields throughout southern Manitoba were used to evaluate regional diversity, and an additional 21 isolates from 10 spikes in 4 fields were used to estimate local diversity. Of 183 mutants generated, 67 utilized both nitrite and hypoxanthine (nit1), 89 utilized hypoxanthine but not nitrite (nit3), and 27 utilized nitrite but not hypoxanthine (NitM). A nit1 mutant from each isolate was paired on nitrate medium to either a nit3 or NitM mutant from all isolates. There were 21 VCGs among 22 isolates collected throughout Manitoba and 16 VCGs among 21 isolates used to estimate local diversity. When the 43 isolates were combined, 34 VCGs were identified. The average ratio of VCGs to isolates was 0.95 for isolates from different fields, 0.94 for isolates from different spikes within a field, and 0.90 for isolates within the same spike. The results indicate a high degree of VCG diversity in the F. graminearum population from barley spikes at the regional, local, and within-spike levels. This diversity should be considered when screening barley germplasm for fusarium head blight resistance. Les groupes de compatibilité végétative (GCV) furent déterminés chez 43 isolats du Fusarium graminearum Schwabe (Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch) sur l'orge en se servant de mutants incapables d'utiliser le nitrate. Des isolats, un pour chacun de 22 champs dispersés dans tout le sud du Manitoba, furent utilisés pour évaluer la diversité régionale, et 21 autres isolats obtenus de 10 épis dans 4 champs furent utilisés pour évaluer la diversité locale. Des 183 mutants générés, 67 utilisaient à la fois les nitrites et l'hypoxanthine (nit1), 89 utilisaient l'hypoxanthine mais pas les nitrites (nit3) et 27 utilisaient les nitrites mais pas l'hypoxanthine (NitM). Sur un milieu au nitrate, un mutant nit1 de chaque isolat fut confronté à un mutant nit3 ou NitM de chacun des autres isolats. Il y avait 21 GCV parmi les 22 isolats échantillonnés à travers le Manitoba et 16 GCV parmi les 21 isolats qui ont servi à estimer la diversité locale. Lorsque les 43 isolats furent confrontés, 34 GCV furent identifiés. Le rapport moyen entre le nombre de VGC et le nombre d'isolats était de 0,95 pour les isolats des différents champs, de 0,94 pour les isolats des différents épis dans un champ donné et de 0,90 pour les isolats obtenus d'un même épi. Les résultats indiquent une diversité de GCV très élevée dans la population du F. graminearum des épis d'orge aux niveaux régional, local et de l'épi. Cette diversité devrait être prise en compte lors de la sélection génétique dans les germoplasmes pour la résistance à la brÛlure des épis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".