Monitoring Host Nuclear Migration and Degradation with Green Fluorescent Protein during Compatible and Incompatible Interactions of <i>Nicotiana tabacum</i> with <i>Colletotrichum</i> Species
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Recent evidence has emerged suggesting that nuclei sense and migrate towards infection sites in plants, and a novel approach to examine the dynamics of nuclei is described utilizing transgenic plants expressing a version of green fluorescent protein (GFP) that specifically labels plant nuclei. Nicotiana tabacum with GFP‐labelled nuclei were inoculated with GFP‐labelled strains of the hemibiotrophic fungi, Colletotrichum destructivum and C. graminicola. The nucleus in an epidermal host cell migrated to just underneath the appressorium of the compatible fungus, C. destructivum, but then migrated away from the developing fungus once it had penetrated and started to grow biotrophically. As the necrotrophic phase developed, the nuclei appeared to shrink and eventually their green fluorescence was no longer visible. The interaction of C. graminicola with N. tabacum was considered to show non‐host incompatibility. The host nuclei in the epidermal cells also migrated underneath the appressoria. Once fungal penetration had failed, the nuclei then migrated back towards locations typically observed in epidermal cells of uninoculated plants. The use of both plant structures and a fungus that are labelled with a readily detectable fluorescent marker provides significant advantages as it permits direct observation of changes in living host and pathogen cells during a plant–fungal interaction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".