Web Crippling Strength of Steel Deck Subjected to End One Flange Loading
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cold-formed steel deck profiles are extensively used in building construction due to their versatility and economy. Web crippling is one of the failure modes of these multiweb profiles. The provisions for web crippling contained in the 1996 AISI Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members are believed to be conservative for multiweb deck sections. They are based on unfastened specimens and are limited to the use of decks with certain geometric parameters. The unified web crippling equation of the 2001 North American Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members is also limited to certain geometric parameters. Although new web crippling coefficients for different load cases and different end conditions are contained in the specification, coefficients for the unfastened configuration in the end one flange loading case were used as a conservative solution for the fastened case because there are no test data available in the literature that are applicable to multiweb deck sections. Results of an experimental study on web crippling strength of deck profiles subjected to end one flange loading are presented in this paper. A total of 78 tests were conducted on multiweb deck sections. Test specimens lying inside and outside of certain geometric limitations given in the specification were tested with both unrestrained and restrained end conditions. Test specimens within the specification limitations exhibited conservative results in the prediction of web crippling strength using both the 1996 AISI specification and the 2001 North American Specification. Using the unified web crippling equation of the North American Specification, a nonlinear regression analysis was performed to improve the unfastened case coefficients and derive new fastened case coefficients. A calibration using these coefficients was carried out for both Canadian and U.S. specifications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".