Interleukin‐5 deficient mice exhibit impaired host defence against challenge <i>Trichinella spiralis</i> infections
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Enteric nematode infections are characterized by both peripheral and tissue eosinophilia. The cytokine interleukin (IL)-5 is considered a critical factor in the proliferation and recruitment of eosinophils, however, studies suggest it plays little role in host defence, at least during primary Trichinella spiralis infections. Less is known concerning its role in host defence or in the inflammatory response that develops against challenge infections with the same parasite. We examined these questions by infecting IL-5 deficient and wild-type mice, with T. spiralis parasites. Both strains expelled the primary infection by day 21. Forty days after the primary infection, we challenged the mice with a second T. spiralis infection and counted tissue eosinophils and worms in the intestine. While wild-type mice developed a large tissue eosinophilia, IL-5 deficient mice showed little increase in eosinophil numbers within the intestine. Throughout the challenge infection, significantly larger worm burdens were recovered from IL-5 deficient mice, and worm expulsion was also significantly slower (day 21) compared to wild-type mice (day 14). Thus, unlike in a primary infection, IL-5 is not only essential for the onset of intestinal eosinophilia, but also makes a significant contribution to enteric host defence during challenge T. spiralis infections.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".