Intellectual Conscience and Self-Cultivation (shuyo) as Imperatives in Japan’s Modernization: Mori Ogai, Youth (Seinen, 1910-11)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Modernity, with its three stages of industrialization, technological innovation and postmodernism, covered two hundred years in the West – in Japan it was compressed into one century. The “new man” (or “Meiji man”) as conceived by the Meiji period (1868-1912), the start of the modern era in Japan, also proved in a way to be an “experiment” under the sign of “modernization” and “westernization”, of “modernity” and “tradition”. Seemingly a symbol of all the changes imported from Europe, Mori Ogai (1862-1922) raises the issue of modern education in his novel Seinen, proposing a reformulation of traditional Japanese values. By underlining the individual freedom promoted by an élite writer and ideologist of a Japan in course of modernization, the present study aims to discuss from the perspective of ideological aesthetics Mori Ogai’s attempt to redefine literature (bungaku) as an “institution” connecting the individual and culture seen as knowledge and power. “Individualism”, “universality” and “freedom” are, as Mori Ogai states in Seinen, the most important “issues” in modern Japan. Posing, by means of a literary work, the question of which role Japan would play on the economic, political and cultural world stage, the Japanese writer raises the issue of the intellectual’s status and that of “nationalism”, understood not in its political sense but rather as individual conscience and national identity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".