Analysis of Sixty-Two Explanted Liotta Bioprostheses: Biocompatibility, Biofunctionality, and Biodurability Issues
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sixty-two explanted Liotta porcine bioprostheses were examined to review the issues related to their biocompatibility, biofunctionality, and biodurability. These bioprostheses were harvested from 56 patients with implantation times ranging from only a few hours to more than nine years of implantation. There were 10 acute and short-term (< 1 year), 20 midterm (1 < t < 5 years), and 32 long-term (> 5 years) cases. The indications for the reoperations were: hemodynamic (59), thrombosis (10), and endocarditis (3). The major indications varied according to the duration of implantation: blood infiltration, fibrin buildup, thrombosis in the short-term; endocarditis and hemodynamic insufficiency in the midterm; and mineralization and tears causing hemodynamic incompetence in the long term. Mineralization proved to be the main threat to long-term durability for porcine valves. Besides a few short-term failures, these explanted devices slowly degenerated over time and were replaced to prevent congestive heart failure. Documentation of the failure modes of these porcine valves is important since the demand for bioprostheses will increase in the future, in particular for percutaneous devices. Such bioprostheses emphasize a critical biocompatibility issue following implantation because they have the capacity to remain free of thrombus in the absence of anticoagulation. The biofunctionality appears to be adequate in the absence of subsequent pathology with restoration of normal valve function. However, the documentation of such significant long-term biodurability issues raises questions that have been addressed but not fully answered yet with the new generations of bioprostheses.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".