5?-Untranslated region of the dopamine D4 receptor gene and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recently the molecular genetic basis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been the focus of a number of studies with the majority of these investigating the role of dopamine system genes. A great deal of attention has been focused on the possible involvement of the dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) following a report of an association of ADHD with the allele containing seven copies of the 48-bp repeat in the third exon. In this paper we extended the search for the molecular explanation for the observed association by testing three polymorphisms in the region 5' to the dopamine receptor D4 gene transcription start site for linkage to ADHD. We specifically targeted polymorphisms in the region 5' to the start site of transcription as DNA variants in this region could alter the transcription level of the gene and hence the phenotype. We did not observe significant evidence for biased transmission of any of the alleles at these three polymorphisms to ADHD probands using the transmission disequilibrium test. We conclude that these three polymorphisms are not related to the ADHD phenotype.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".