GABAergic Modulation of the Expression of Genes Involved in GABA Synaptic Transmission and Stress in the Hypothalamus and Telencephalon of the Female Goldfish (<i>Carassius auratus</i>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
GABA is one of the most abundant neurotransmitters in the vertebrate central nervous system and is involved in neuroendocrine processes such as development, reproduction, feeding and stress. To examine the effect of GABA on gene expression in the brain, we used a cDNA macroarray containing 26 genes involved in GABA synaptic transmission (GABA receptor subunits, GABA transporters), reproduction (gonadotrophin-releasing hormone isoforms and oestrogen receptor alpha), feeding (neuropeptide Y and cholecystokinin), and stress [corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF)]. To elevate GABA levels in the brain, we injected female goldfish with gamma-vinyl GABA (300 microg/g of body weight) (24 h), an irreversible inhibitor of the enzyme GABA transaminase (GABA-T). We found that increased levels of GABA in the hypothalamus resulted in a 2.2-fold down-regulation of GABA(A) receptor beta4 subunit mRNA. In the telencephalon, we found that increased GABA levels resulted in a 1.5-fold increase of CRF mRNA and a 1.8-fold decrease of GABA(A) receptor beta2 subunit mRNA. Increasing GABA in the hypothalamus and telencephalon of the goldfish did not significantly affect the mRNA abundance of genes involved in GABA synthesis (glutamic acid decarboxylase isoforms) and degradation (GABA-T), feeding, or reproduction. Our preliminary study suggests that the regulation of GABA receptor subunit mRNA expression by GABA may be a conserved evolutionary mechanism in vertebrates to modulate GABAergic synaptic transmission.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".