Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Sildenafil (Viagra; Pfizer), a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, promotes penile erection through increased intracellular cyclic guanine monophosphate (a second messenger) in response to nitric oxide (a first messenger) release following sexual stimulation. Nitric oxide is involved in nasal vasodilation, secretion, and mucociliary clearance. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of sildenafil on nasal patency. DESIGN: Pilot study. SETTING: Teaching hospital. METHODS: Nasal patency was assessed by a visual analogue score and by measurement of the peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) in five subjects before and after administration of sildenafil. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Visual analogue score and PNIF. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in the subjective sensation of nasal obstruction (p = .003; -9.6 +/- 2.7, -15.4 to -3.7 [mean +/- SEM, 95% CI) and a significant reduction of PNIF (p < .001; 70.7 +/- 13.2, 43.1 to 98.3). CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study suggests that nasal patency may be reduced following the administration of sildenafil. The role of phosphodiesterase inhibitors in nasal physiology merits further investigation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".