Middle Ear Ventilation in Children with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective 1) To review the otological presentation of children with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) treated medically and surgically. 2) To compare the audiological outcomes and complications of surgical management to medical management in children with PCD. Method A retrospective chart review was performed of all patients with PCD and OME presenting to a specialized clinic at a tertiary‐quaternary care hospital from 1991 to 2009. Patients were grouped into “medical management” and “ventilation tube (VT) insertion” groups to observe changes in hearing and postoperative complications. Results Of 32 patients with PCD and OME, 20 received VTs, and 12 were treated by medical management strategies. A median of one set of VTs (range, 1‐7) were inserted per patient. Audiometric pure tone averages improved from 28.1dB to 21.6 dB (P =. 036) following VTs, whereas patients managed medically had stable thresholds from 22.7dB to 23.6 dB (P =. 307). At least one episode of postoperative otorrhea occurred in 9 (40%) VT insertion patients during the study period, and four had multiple episodes. Otorrhea was well controlled with medical therapy with only one requiring tube removal. Conclusion Our data supports the use of VT insertion as an option for patients with PCD and OME with mild to moderate hearing loss. Patients should be counseled on the possibility of multiple insertions and the likelihood of postoperative otorrhea, although this was not a major problem in our study group.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".