Androgen receptor and caveolin‐1 in prostate cancer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is involved in the development and maintenance of the normal prostate and the development and progression of prostate cancer (PCa). Caveolin-1 (cav-1) is an AR co-regulator. The expression of this integral membrane protein is upregulated in PCa and correlates positively with its development. This review focuses on the likely interactive roles of AR and cav-1, with particular reference to progression to androgen-insensitivity in PCa. The classical role of AR is modulation of gene transcription by binding specific DNA sequences called androgen response elements in the promoter regions of target genes. To carry out this role, AR interacts with many co-regulator proteins which either enhance or repress its activation. Altered expression or misregulated activation of a co-regulator protein may significantly alter AR activity and the basal transcription rate of androgen responsive genes. Cav-1 has roles in cell signalling and trafficking, roles that are important in PCa survival, metastasis, and the development of multidrug resistant phenotypes. Although cav-1 appears to increase AR genomic activity and increase tumor cell survival, there is also mounting evidence that cav-1 can manipulate rapid, non-genomic AR signalling at the plasma membrane. By increasing our understanding of cav-1 as an AR co-regulator, we may be able to reinstate appropriate transcriptional responses to androgen signalling and minimise misregulated AR activity, thus permitting more effective targeted therapies for PCa.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".