Allopolyploid speciation of the Mexican tetraploid potato species <i>Solanum</i> <i>stoloniferum</i> and <i>S. hjertingii</i> revealed by genomic in situ hybridization
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Thirty-six percent of the wild potato (Solanum L. section Petota Dumort.) species are polyploid, and about half of the polyploids are tetraploid species (2n = 4x = 48). Determination of the type of polyploidy and development of the genome concept for members of section Petota traditionally has been based on the analysis of chromosome pairing in species and their hybrids and, most recently, DNA sequence phylogenetics. Based on these data, the genome designation AABB was proposed for Mexican tetraploid species of series Longipedicellata Buk. We investigated this hypothesis with genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) for both representatives of the series, S. stoloniferum Schltdl. and S. hjertingii Hawkes. GISH analysis supports an AABB genome constitution for these species, with S. verrucosum Schltdl. (or its progenitor) supported as the A genome donor and another North or Central American diploid species (S. cardiophyllum Lindl., S. ehrenbergii (Bitter) Rydb., or S. jamesii Torrey) as the B genome donor. GISH analysis of chromosome pairing of S. stoloniferum also confirms the strict allopolyploid nature of this species. In addition, fluorescence in situ hybridization data suggest that 45S rDNA regions of the two genomes of S. stoloniferum were changed during coevolution of A and B genomes of this allotetraploid species.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".