Experimental Study of Wetting Anisotropy and Condensate Drainage Enhancement on Microgrooved Aluminum Surface
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Minimization of condensate (frost melt water) retention on a surface operating under frosting/defrosting condition is of tremendous importance in a wide range of air conditioning and refrigeration applications. In the present study, the wetting characteristics, condensation and frosting pattern and the drainage of frost melt water from aluminum surfaces with parallel microgrooves have been examined and compared to the flat baseline surfaces. These surfaces are fabricated by topographical modification only, via standard photolithographic process. The microgrooved samples exhibit wetting anisotropy and static contact angles are as high as 149 and 112° when viewed from parallel and perpendicular directions to the grooves, respectively. Frost is grown on the samples inside a thermally controlled chamber at 3 different plate temperatures of −8°C, −13°C and −18°C, air temperature of 20±2°C and for 3 relative humidity conditions (50%, 70% and 90%). The duration of the frosting cycle is 45 minutes and tests are continued up to 5 frosting cycles, each time defrosting for a certain length of time at the end of frosting period. Significantly different size, shape and distribution of condensed and frozen water droplets on the grooved surfaces are observed from that on the flat baselines. The microgrooved samples are found to manifest better water drainage behavior and drained up to 50% more melt water compared to the flat baseline surfaces. While the amount of water retention on the baseline surfaces increases in the subsequent refrost cycles and is highest in the 5th frost cycle, the microgrooved surfaces show consistently improved water drainage in all cycles.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".