OXIDATIVE STRESS AND ANTI-OXIDANT ENZYME ADAPTATIONS TO ACUTE EXERCISE IN YOUNG MALES.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Acute, unaccustomed exercise leads to an accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative damage to skeletal muscle. To protect from oxidative stress, skeletal muscle cells are equipped with an array of antioxidant enzymes, such as manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) and catalase (CAT). Although the activity of these enzymes has been shown to be increased following acute exercise in animals, there is a paucity of data in humans, in particular with regards to exercise type. PURPOSE To examine oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activity following different types of acute, unaccustomed exercise in young, healthy males. METHODS Seventeen subjects were placed into either an endurance-biased (END;n=9) or a resistance-biased (RES;n = 8) group based on their previous exercise history. Each subject performed either (a) cycle ergometry (END) or (b) single leg eccentric contractions (RES) to exhaustion. Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis before, and at 3h and 48h following exercise. RESULTS RES exercise led to an increase in protein carbonyls at 48h (0.22 ± 0.05 → 0.38 ± 0.05 nmol/mg; p = 0.0011), with no change in antioxidant activity. END exercise led to an increase in catalase (6.1 ± 2.7 → 13.4 ± 5.9 umol/min/g PRO; p = 0.016), total SOD (12.9 ± 2.6 → 22.8 ± 5.7 U/mg PRO; p = .0003) and MnSOD (3.6 ± 1.4 → 9.8 ± 4.1 U/mg PRO; p = 0.008) at 48 h, with no change in protein carbonyls. There was a trend for an increase in CuZnSOD (9.2 ± 2.5 → 12.9 ± 2.7 U/mg PRO; p = 0.09) 48 h following END exercise. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that ROS accumulation per se is not responsible for the adaptations in anti-oxidant enzyme activity following acute exercise. Given that endurance exercise increases electron flux through the ETC by as much as 100 fold, it is possible the electron flux, rather than ROS accumulation, is responsible for the increase in antioxidant capacity post-exercise. Supported by NSERC.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".