A Comparison of Side‐dressed Liquid Hog Manure to Urea Ammonium Nitrate in Corn
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Liquid hog manure is frequently spring‐applied prior to corn planting, but concern regarding compaction, planting delays, and nitrogen losses have increased corn producer interest in side dressing. The objective of this study was to compare available nitrogen in side‐dressed liquid hog manure versus 28% urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) in terms of fertilizer nitrogen equivalent, yield response, grain protein, soil compaction, and end of season soil nitrates. Field experiments were conducted at three sites in southwestern Ontario from 2003 to 2005. Three rates of liquid hog manure (zero, low, and high) and five rates of UAN (0, 53, 106, 159, 220 lb of N per acre) were applied at side‐dress timing in corn. Available nitrogen in side‐dress applications of liquid hog manure was equally effective as UAN in supplying corn nitrogen requirements based on comparisons of yield and grain protein concentration. Drier conditions at side‐dress timing reduced soil compaction risks and yield reductions arising from possible root pruning were not observed. Side‐dressed liquid hog manure should be applied at rates of available nitrogen that correspond to crop nitrogen demand, since like UAN, excess applied nitrogen will be susceptible to late season losses.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".