Effects of terrestrial invertebrate reduction on three stream fishes in experimental mesocosms
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Terrestrial invertebrates (TIs) provide an important trophic subsidy for many stream fishes. However, more information is needed regarding the degree to which different species rely on this subsidy and the potential consequences of altering subsidy levels. Such information is important for understanding foodweb dynamics and predicting patterns of community change as subsidy levels vary among habitats and over time. I manipulated TI inputs to experimental streams and tested for effects on diet and body condition of fishes from 3 different trophic functional groups. Study species included a TI specialist (blackstripe topminnow Fundulus notatus), a benthic invertebrate specialist (orangethroat darter Etheostoma spectabile), and an invertebrate generalist (bigeye shiner Notropis boops). Both F. notatus and N. boops changed diets under TI reduction, but only F. notatus body condition decreased, probably because of its lesser ability to use autochthonous resources. Notropis boops body condition was unchanged by TI reduction. Unlike F. notatus, N. boops was able to incorporate autochthonous C into body tissues, as indicated by muscle δ13C values. Etheostoma spectabile diet and body condition were unaffected by TI manipulation. These results suggest that stream fishes in functionally diverse assemblages are not affected equally by TI alteration, and that effects may be predictable based on trophic functional group classification. Such information is useful in predicting patterns of assemblage change with terrestrial subsidy reduction, as often occurs with anthropogenic landscape alteration.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".