Hydrolysis of Ferric Sulfate in the Presence of Zinc Sulfate at 200 °C: Precipitation Kinetics and Product Characterization
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The hydrolysis of ferric sulfate was studied in a batch reactor at 200 °C with the initial Fe(III) concentration ranging from 0.10 to 0.80 M in the presence/absence of zinc sulfate (1.2 M ZnSO 4 ) with 3 h retention time. Regardless of the presence or not of ZnSO 4, the hydrolytic precipitation kinetics at 200 °C was determined to be first-order with respect to Fe(III), and expressed by the following rate equation, r hyd = k hyd ( C Fe(III) − C Fe(III),eq ), where the apparent kinetic constant, k hyd, was determined to be 10 -2 min -1 . Two reaction stoichiometries were established: one leading to the formation of kinetically favored basic ferric sulfate at C Fe(III),initial ≥ 0.4 M in the absence of ZnSO 4 or at C Fe(III),initial ≥ 0.7 M in the presence of ZnSO 4, while the other led to the production of hematite. The hydrothermally produced hematite material possessed very high specific surface area (50−80 m 2 /g) and contained around 1% S (as SO 4 via chemisorption), 0.2% Zn (when ZnSO 4 was present), and about 4.5% H 2 O/OH. After excluding the SO 4 and Zn content, the following stoichiometric formula for hematite was determined: Fe 2 O 3 - x (OH) 2 x · y H 2 O where x = 0.08 and y = 0.29.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".