Biohydrometallurgical Processing of Flotation Tailings from Different Copper Mills
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two copper flotation tailings samples, one from the Almalyk Mining and Metallurgical Complex, Uzbekistan (sample designated AMMC) and the other from Whitehorse (WT), Yukon, Canada, were bioleached at laboratory scale. Acidophilic, iron- and sulphur-oxidizing cultures were enriched from the two tailings and these cultures were used for the testing. After 24 weeks of bioleaching in percolator columns 70-72% of the copper was leached from the AMMC tailings and 91-93% of the copper was leached from the WT tailings. The chalcopyritic nature of the copper and larger particle size of the AMMC tailings compared to the WT tailings were likely reasons that copper extraction was greater for the AMMC tailings. In-column, thiosulphate leaching of biooxidized residues yielded 90+% gold extraction for both tailings. In other testing the two cultures were subjected to an electromagnetic field during growth on ferrous iron. Compared to untreated controls, cultures subjected to the electromagnetic field oxidized iron more rapidly. Although magnetite, which exerts an electromagnetic field, was present in the AMMC tailings, there was no evidence that this magnetite had any effect on the bioleaching results. However, given the enhanced performance of the iron-grown cultures under the influence of an electromagnetic field, we believe that additional research should be performed to investigate this phenomenon
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".