Malaysian National Philosophy of Education Scale: PCA and CFA Approaches
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study assesses the psychometric properties of the Malaysian National Philosophy of Education (NPE) Scale. The study argues on the grounds of literature obtained that since the emergence of NPE no empirical validation of the scale was performed. As such, the study sampled 230 participants in secondary schools in Kuching, Malaysia to develop and validate the scale. The results demonstrate that the NPE comprises eight distinct factors. The fit statistics of the NPE eight-factor model demonstrate that the model fitted the data. This quantitative scale is deemed as the first of its kind to device the NPE instrument quantitatively, assess the psychometric properties, and establish evidence for composite reliability, construct, convergent, and discriminant validities of the instrument across selected secondary schools. Theoretically, the NPE quantitative measures initiated and contributed a new body of knowledge to the NPE in the context of Malaysia other than the conceptual dimensions proposed by Ministry of Education. Practically, the results provided school principals and the Ministry of Education with appropriate tools to assess the extent to which school teachers translate and infuse the ideas of the NPE in the day-to-day lesson delivery.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.016 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".